Ore Genesis and Tectonic Significance of the Xiaojiashan Tungsten Deposit,Eastern Tianshan,Xinjiang, China: Evidence from Geology,Fluid Inclusions,and Stable Isotope Geochemistry     

Yunfei Zhou  Jiuhua Xu  Lihua Shan  Xihui Cheng  Yueping Deng  Wenhuan Feng  Lingxiao Qiao 《Resource Geology》2019,69(1):43-64

The Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is located about 200 km northwest of Hami City, the Eastern Tianshan orogenic belt, Xinjiang, northwestern China, and is a quartz vein‐type tungsten deposit. Combined fluid inclusion microthermometry, host rock geochemistry, and H–O isotopic compositions are used to constrain the ore genesis and tectonic setting of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. The orebodies occur in granite intrusions adjacent to the metamorphic crystal tuff, which consists of the second lithological section of the first Sub‐Formation of the Dananhu Formation (D₂d ₁²). Biotite granite is the most widely distributed intrusive bodies in the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. Altered diorite and metamorphic crystal tuff are the main surrounding rocks. The granite belongs to peraluminous A‐type granite with high potassic calc‐alkaline series, and all rocks show light Rare Earth Element (REE)‐enriched patterns. The trace element characters suggest that crystallization differentiation might even occur in the diagenetic process. The granite belongs to postcollisional extension granite, and the rocks formed in an extensional tectonic environment, which might result from magma activity in such an extensional tectonic environment. Tungsten‐bearing quartz veins are divided into gray quartz vein and white quartz veins. Based on petrography observation, fluid inclusions in both kinds of vein quartz are mainly aqueous inclusions. Microthermometry shows that gray quartz veins have 143–354°C of T_h, and white quartz veins have 154–312°C of T_h. The laser‐Raman test shows that CO₂ is found in fluid inclusions of the tungsten‐bearing quartz veins. Quadrupole mass spectrometry reveals that fluid inclusions contain major vapor‐phase contents of CO₂, H₂O. Meanwhile, fluid inclusions contain major liquid‐phase contents of Cl^?, Na⁺. It can be speculated that the ore‐forming fluid of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is characterized by an H₂O–CO₂, low salinity, and H₂O–CO₂–NaCl system. The range of hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions indicated that the ore‐forming fluids of the tungsten deposit were mainly magmatic water. The ore‐forming age of the Xiaojiashan deposit should to be ~227 Ma. During the ore‐forming process, the magmatic water had separated from magmatic intrusions, and the ore‐bearing complex was taken to a portion where tungsten‐bearing ores could be mineralized. The magmatic fluid was mixed by meteoric water in the late stage.  相似文献   

Genesis of the Xiuwenghala Gold Deposit in the Beishan Orogen,Northwest China: Evidence from Geology,Fluid Inclusion,and H–O–S–Pb Isotopes     

Qisong Wang  Jing Zhang  Sunping Shu  Chunkit Lai  Bowen Xu  Haiwei Sun 《Resource Geology》2019,69(2):211-226

The Xiuwenghala gold deposit is located in the Beishan Orogen of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The vein/lenticular gold orebodies are controlled by Northeast‐trending faults and are hosted mainly in the brecciated/altered tuff and rhyolite porphyry of the Lower Carboniferous Baishan Formation. Metallic minerals include mainly pyrite and minor chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite, whilst nonmetallic minerals include quartz, chalcedony, sericite, chlorite, and calcite. Hydrothermal alterations consist of silicic, sericite, chlorite, and carbonate. Alteration/mineralization processes comprise three stages: pre‐ore silicic alteration (Stage I), syn‐ore quartz‐chalcedony‐polymetallic sulfide mineralization (Stage II), and post‐ore quartz‐calcite veining (Stage III). Fluid inclusions (FIs) in quartz and calcite are dominated by L‐type with minor V‐type and lack any daughter mineral‐bearing or CO₂‐rich/‐bearing inclusions. From Stages I to III, the FIs homogenized at 240–260°C, 220–250°C, and 150–190°C, with corresponding salinities of 2.9–10.9, 3.2–11.1, and 2.9–11.9 wt.% NaCl eqv., respectively. The mineralization depth at Xiuwenghala is estimated to be relatively shallow (<1 km). FI results indicate that the ore‐forming fluids belong to a low to medium‐temperature, low‐salinity, and low‐density NaCl‐H₂O system. The values decrease from Stage I to III (3.7‰, 1.7–2.4‰, and ?1.7 to 0.9‰, respectively), and a similar trend is found for their values (?104 to ?90‰, ?126 to ?86‰, and ?130 to ?106‰, respectively). This indicates that the fluid source gradually evolved from magmatic to meteoric. δ³⁴S values of the hydrothermal pyrites (?3.0 to 0.0‰; avg. ?1.1‰) resemble those of typical magmatic/mantle‐derived sulfides. Pyrite Pb isotopic compositions (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.409–18.767, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.600–15.715, ²⁰⁸Pb^/204Pb = 38.173–38.654) are similar to those of the (sub)volcanic ore host, indicating that the origin of ore‐forming material was mainly the upper crustal (sub)volcanic rocks. Integrating evidence from geology, FIs, and H–O–S–Pb isotopes, we suggest that Xiuwenghala is best classified as a low‐sulfidation epithermal gold deposit.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘桌子山地区石峡谷剖面中奥陶统克里摩里组下段等深流深水水道沉积          下载免费PDF全文

李向东  阙易  郇雅棋 《古地理学报》2019,21(2):321-338

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘桌子山地区中奥陶统克里摩里组下段以深灰色薄—中层石灰岩夹灰黑色极薄层泥岩为特征,石灰岩单层略显透镜状且基本未受后期成岩作用改造,其中石峡谷剖面垂向上特征变化明显,是研究该组沉积过程的理想剖面。本次研究在详细的野外观察基础上,依据岩石特征和沉积构造进一步确认克里摩里组深水斜坡沉积背景和等深流沉积,同时详细研究了薄—中层石灰岩的充填特征和形态特征,探讨其水动力特征和沉积机制。结果表明: (1)在粉晶石灰岩和灰泥石灰岩中,晶粒呈散点状分布,粉晶之间为灰泥充填,同时岩层内部具有不均一性,粗粉晶、细粉晶和灰泥呈相间分布;(2)石灰岩主要发育和单层内粒度(方解石晶粒)变化有关的沉积构造,包括具有双向递变特征的粒序层、条带状构造和水平层—均匀层—水平层序列;(3)石灰岩层中透镜体发育,包括薄层中的小型连续透镜体、中层(一般小于30^cm)中的长透镜体以及由多个石灰岩层组成的透镜体,后者侧向上尖灭于页岩或地形高处,其内部单个岩层可呈对称性尖灭;(4)剖面上发育单层石灰岩厚度向上变薄的垂向序列以及由该序列组成的石灰岩叠置层。结合已有研究成果认为: 克里摩里组下段薄—中层石灰岩沉积于深水底流发育环境,其水动力具有低速、弱—强—弱周期变化和空间上受限的特征,应为等深流水道沉积,其沉积机制可分为3个阶段,即等深流作用前的清水钙质沉积、等深流作用期间对沉积物的改造和等深流作用后的浑水泥质沉积。  相似文献   

火山—热液作用相关细粒沉积岩研究现状及前沿探索          下载免费PDF全文

李哲萱  柳益群  焦鑫  周鼎武  杨奕曜  尤继元 《古地理学报》2019,21(5):727-742

陆相细粒沉积岩是中国含油气盆地中重要的烃源岩和致密油储集层。随着对烃源岩、致密油、页岩油-气勘探开发研究的不断深入,陆相细粒沉积岩取得了一系列重要进展并持续进行着前沿探索。作者论述了传统细粒沉积岩基本概念及演变,岩石、矿物组成特征、成因机制与分类方法。结合近年来在陆内裂谷盆地陆相细粒沉积岩中广泛分布的火山—热液物质的新报道及研究成果,认为火山物质、热液喷流物质不仅参与了陆相黑色细粒岩系的沉积和成岩作用,也与油气生成有密切关系。加强对陆相细粒沉积研究,探讨深源碎屑及热液流体的来源及其对细粒沉积过程的影响,既有利于丰富、完善沉积学和陆相含油气盆地生油理论,也有利于更好地指导致密油、页岩油-气的勘探开发。  相似文献   

山东黄县盆地古近系李家崖组含煤岩系沉积相特征及演化          下载免费PDF全文

孔凡飞  贾强  李增学  吕大炜  刘海燕  王东东  韩乔羽 《古地理学报》2019,21(3):469-478

山东黄县盆地是中国东部一个重要的煤和油页岩共生盆地,古近系李家崖组是盆地主要的含煤岩系发育层段。根据层序地层学理论,建立了古近系层序地层格架;依据钻测井、岩心资料划分了李家崖组的沉积相类型,编制了分体系域的沉积相图。主要结论如下:(1)李家崖组发育湖泊、辫状河三角洲以及扇三角洲3种沉积相类型。(2)层序Ⅰ低水位体系域以辫状河三角洲相为主,湖扩展体系域以扇三角洲相和湖泊相为主,高水位体系域以扇三角洲相为主;层序Ⅱ低水位体系域以辫状河三角洲相为主,湖扩展体系域以扇三角洲相和湖泊相为主,高水位体系域以湖泊相为主。(3)层序Ⅰ发育时期: 低水位期盆地初始形成—湖扩展期盆地扩张—高水位期盆地萎缩;层序Ⅱ发育时期: 低水位期盆地再次缓慢扩张—湖扩展期盆地加速扩张—高水位期盆地萎缩消亡。  相似文献   

辽宁查马屯铁矿三维地质建模及深部预测     

白银增  赵涌涛  王泽蛟  刘幸  李超 《地质与资源》2019,28(4):321-325

查马屯铁矿是一处隐伏于中生代火山沉积岩之下的沉积变质型铁矿床,矿体规模大、埋藏浅,深部资源潜力巨大.利用三维地质体建模软件Creatar,通过收集钻孔数据,建立地质数据库,生成三维钻孔.通过剖面定义、单工程矿体圈定、剖面编辑、曲面连接,建立矿体三维模型.依据"点-线-面-体"的思路,建立了辽宁查马屯铁矿三维地质模型.模型显示,查马屯铁矿体西南段向北西倾斜,北东部向南东倾斜,呈北东东向展布,应沿该方向部署找矿.矿体与磁异常复合关系表明,2号矿体南部存在巨大找矿空间,查马屯村南部及北东部是下一步找矿勘探的重点方向.  相似文献   

江西东坪石英脉型黑钨矿矿床地质特征、控矿因素及找矿标志     

杨细浩  胡文洁  钟起泓  朱昌杰  万欢  胡正华 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(5):1301-1316

东坪钨矿床是近年在赣北地区新发现的首个超大型石英脉型黑钨矿矿床,位于长江中下游成矿带幕阜山地区东坪-香炉山钨矿找矿远景区东部。矿床赋矿层位为新元古代双桥山群安乐林组浅变质岩系,北东向断裂及其两侧的次级裂隙为区内主要控矿构造、容矿构造,隐伏的燕山晚期黑云母二长花岗岩为成矿岩体,与区内钨多金属成矿关系密切的为石英脉状硅化;两个矿带的钨矿体均产于成矿岩体外接触带,呈现了石英脉型黑钨矿矿床典型的"五层楼"分带特征,矿石工业类型主要为黑钨矿矿石;明确了构造和岩浆岩等主要控矿因素;总结出地表微细裂隙云英岩化-黄铁矿化蚀变带、含硫化物石英细脉带、石英脉、重砂及地球化学异常为区内主要找矿标志。  相似文献   

东海陆架盆地南部中生界沉积模式     

王蛟  李智高  蔡来星  龚奇勇 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(1):131-138

在沉积相综合分析基础之上,通过地震相分析的手段明确了东海陆架盆地南部中生界的沉积特征;结合古地理背景分析,建立了该区侏罗纪和白垩纪的沉积模式。侏罗纪时雁荡低凸起和瓯江凹陷均未形成,闽江凹陷和基隆凹陷连为一体,物源来自浙闽隆起区,发育滨浅海沉积体系,火山作用较为强烈。白垩纪晚期-古新世,随着太平洋板块俯冲角度的加大,浙闽隆起区发生裂陷,雁荡低凸起形成。西部的瓯江凹陷沉积了一套陆相的冲积扇-河流-三角洲-湖泊沉积体系;由于此间台北低凸起尚未起到分割作用,东部的闽江凹陷与基隆凹陷仍然连为一体,物源来自浙闽隆起带和台北水下火山岩带,发育滨浅海沉积体系,火山作用影响强烈。  相似文献   

赣南上围地区控矿断裂特征与铀成矿关系     

党飞鹏  樊哲强  李志鹏  陈黎明  蔡昌华  黄超  陈欣 《地质通报》2019,38(8):1344-1351

位于江西省龙南县上围地区出露的燕山期花岗质复式岩体明显受北东向马屎山硅化断裂带和鹅形石英断裂夹持控制,是有利的产铀岩体,已探明291铀矿床和292矿点。岩体内断裂作用强烈,热液蚀变和铀矿化现象普遍。经地质调查,在岩体内识别出北东向断裂6条和北北东向断裂11条及若干北西—北西西向断裂。其中,北东向断裂主要包括岩体西部的硅化带和东部的石英断裂;北北东向断裂主要包括岩体东部的蚀变碎裂岩带和西部硅化破碎带;北西—北西西向断裂多被中基性岩脉充填,主要包括501～504号脉。北北东向断裂与铀成矿关系最密切,是容矿断裂。断裂的规模和产状控制了铀矿体的空间分布和展布形态,断裂性质控制了铀矿化类型,断裂变形程度控制铀矿化蚀变分带,断裂与中基性岩脉复合控制了富铀矿体的产出形态。  相似文献   

新疆西天山卡特巴阿苏金矿床锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义     

蔡宏明  刘桂萍  尼加提&#;阿布都逊  杨维忠  邢令 《地质通报》2019,38(5):790-801

卡特巴阿苏大型金矿床位于新疆西天山中部那拉提北缘断裂带南侧,找矿前景较好。为查明矿区容矿岩浆岩的成因及其与矿床形成的联系,对主要矿石类型含金蚀变二长花岗岩和含金石英硫化物脉进行LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和地球化学研究。结果表明,锆石稀土元素显示较陡的左倾配分模式,具有明显的正Ce异常和负Eu异常,指示岩浆锆石成因。根据锆石Ce异常值,获得含矿岩石有关岩浆岩氧逸度对数值(Log(fo_2))为-29.2～5.1,指示岩浆具有较高的氧逸度,有利于金在岩体中初步富集。同时,氧逸度具有较大的变化范围,指示岩浆演化过程中,存在明显的上地壳混染。应用锆石Ti温度计,获得含金蚀变二长花岗岩锆石结晶温度为765～975℃,反映岩浆来自下地壳缺水条件下的部分熔融。含金石英硫化物脉锆石具有较低的结晶温度(641～823℃),可能与早期角闪石的分异结晶有关。以上2种矿石类型的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为350.4±1.6Ma和348.9±1.4Ma,代表了容矿二长花岗岩的结晶年龄。岩体结晶年龄早于前人报道的矿床成矿年龄,表明岩体侵位与成矿作用无直接关系。  相似文献